Most Minnesota mortgage foreclosures never see a courtroom. The mortgage contains a power of sale, the lender publishes a notice for six weeks, the sheriff sells the property at the courthouse, and the borrower gets a period to buy it back.
That is foreclosure by advertisement under Minn. Stat. ch. 580, and the reason lenders like it is obvious: it is fast, cheap, and does not require a judge.
What lenders give up to get it is the deficiency. Minnesota does not make you choose between speed and a personal judgment by implication or by case law. It makes you choose by statute, in one sentence, and the sentence keys the answer to the length of the redemption period. Once you see that, the entire chapter reorganizes itself around one question: how long does this borrower get to redeem?
First, the prerequisites
Minn. Stat. § 580.01 allows the procedure at all only for “any mortgage of real estate containing a power of sale.” No power of sale, no advertisement foreclosure.
Minn. Stat. § 580.02 then adds five requisites. To entitle a party to foreclose by advertisement, it is requisite:
(1) that some default in a condition of such mortgage has occurred, by which the power to sell has become operative;
(2) that no action or proceeding has been instituted at law to recover the debt then remaining secured by such mortgage, or any part thereof, or, if the action or proceeding has been instituted, that the same has been discontinued, or that an execution upon the judgment rendered therein has been returned unsatisfied, in whole or in part;
(3) that the mortgage has been recorded and, if it has been assigned, that all assignments thereof have been recorded; provided, that, if the mortgage is upon registered land, it shall be sufficient if the mortgage and all assignments thereof have been duly registered;
(4) before the notice of pendency as required under section 580.032 is recorded, the party has complied with section 580.021; and
(5) before the foreclosure sale, the party has complied with section 582.043, if applicable.
Clause (2) is the one that catches lenders, and it does real work: a lender that has already sued on the note cannot then foreclose by advertisement unless that action was discontinued or the execution came back unsatisfied. Clause (3) is the one that catches assignees — a gap in the recorded assignment chain is a defect in the right to use the procedure at all, not a technicality about paperwork.
Clause (4) points to § 580.021, foreclosure prevention counseling, which applies to owner-occupied one-to-four unit dwellings. Clause (5) points to § 582.043, the loss-mitigation and dual-tracking statute.
Notice, publication, and the notice of pendency
Six weeks of publication, four weeks of service. Section 580.03: “Six weeks’ published notice shall be given that such mortgage will be foreclosed by sale of the mortgaged premises or some part thereof, and at least four weeks before the appointed time of sale a copy of such notice shall be served in like manner as a summons in a civil action in the district court upon the person in possession of the mortgaged premises, if the same are actually occupied.” The foreclosure-advice notices required by §§ 580.041 and 580.042 “must be served simultaneously” with it.
Where it runs matters. Under § 580.033, publication is sufficient in a qualified newspaper with its known office of issue in the county where the premises are located — or in an adjoining county, but only if the publisher’s sworn affidavit states “that a substantial portion of the newspaper’s circulation is in the county where the mortgaged premises, or some part of the mortgaged premises are located.”
The notice of pendency has a front-end and a back-end deadline. Section 580.032, subd. 3, requires the foreclosing party to record a notice of the pendency of the foreclosure “before the first date of publication of the foreclosure notice but not more than six months before the first date of publication.” Recording it too early is as much a defect as recording it too late.
What the notice must say is set by § 580.04(a): the names of mortgagor, mortgagee, and each assignee; the original or maximum principal amount secured; the date of the mortgage and where recorded (or, for registered land, that fact and where registered); the amount claimed due on the date of the notice; a legal description “and the commonly used street address”; the time and place of sale; and “the time allowed by law for redemption by the mortgagor, the mortgagor’s personal representatives or assigns.”
For an owner-occupied single-family dwelling, § 580.04(b) adds a vacate date, and requires the notice to “state that the time to vacate the property is 11:59 p.m. on the specified date.”
One notice failure is expressly excused, and it has its own remedy. A junior lienholder may record a request for notice under § 580.032, subd. 1, and the foreclosing party must then mail the notice of sale at least 14 days before the sale. If it does not, subdivision 5 provides that “the failure does not invalidate the foreclosure” — but subdivision 6 gives the requester a damages action for the lesser of the equity that would have been available on redemption or the value of the redeemable interest, with the requester bearing the burden of proving it “had the financial ability to redeem, and did not have actual notice of the sale at least 60 days before expiration of the mortgagor’s period of redemption.” That action must be brought within two years of the date of the sheriff’s sale.
The sale
Section 580.06: the sale is made “by the sheriff or the sheriff’s deputy at public venue to the highest bidder, in the county in which the premises to be sold, or some part thereof, are situated, between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.”
The mortgagee may bid. Section 580.11 says so expressly — the mortgagee, its assignee, or a legal representative “may fairly and in good faith purchase the premises so advertised, or any part thereof, at such sale.” In practice the lender credit-bids and usually wins.
Separate tracts are sold separately. Section 580.08 requires that if the premises consist of separate and distinct farms or tracts, “they shall be sold separately, and no more farms or tracts shall be sold than are necessary to satisfy the amount due.”
The certificate of sale is the operative instrument. Under § 580.12, it must state the interest rate in effect on the date of the sale and “the time allowed by law for redemption,” and — this is the deadline nobody calendars — “[a] certificate which states a five-week redemption period must be recorded within ten days after the sale; any other certificate must be recorded within 20 days after the sale.” When recorded, “upon expiration of the time for redemption, the certificate shall operate as a conveyance to the purchaser or the purchaser’s assignee of all the right, title, and interest of the mortgagor” as of the date of the mortgage, “without any other conveyance.”
Section 580.12 also forbids understating the period: “A certificate must not contain a time allowed for redemption that is less than the time specified by section 580.23, 582.032, or 582.32, whichever applies.”
Surplus belongs to the borrower, and can be turned into redemption money. Under § 580.10, surplus after satisfying the mortgage, interest, taxes paid, and costs of sale is paid to the mortgagor on demand. A surplus of $100 or more is held by the sheriff through the redemption period, and subdivision 3 gives the owner of record a right most people never hear about: “[a]t any time during the owner’s redemption period, the owner of record at the time of the sheriff’s sale may submit a written request to the sheriff to have the surplus applied to the redemption amount.” That right “is not transferable to any subsequent owner.”
Redemption: six months or twelve, and what drives it
This is the center of the chapter.
The default is six months. Section 580.23, subd. 1(a): the mortgagor, personal representatives, or assigns may redeem “within six months after such sale, except as otherwise provided in subdivision 2 or section 582.032 or 582.32,” by paying the sale price with interest “at the rate provided to be paid on the mortgage debt as stated in the certificate of sale and, if no rate be provided in the certificate of sale, at the rate of six percent per annum,” together with the additional sums allowed by §§ 582.03 and 582.031.
Two practical details in the same subdivision: redemption funds and documents must be delivered “at the normal place of business of the recipient, on days other than Sunday, Saturday, and legal holidays, between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.” And the sheriff may accept less than the full amount if the certificate holder confirms in writing, before expiration, that it has agreed to accept a specific lesser sum.
Twelve months applies only in seven enumerated situations. Section 580.23, subd. 2:
| # | Twelve-month trigger |
|---|---|
| 1 | The mortgage was executed prior to July 1, 1967 |
| 2 | The amount claimed due as of the date of the notice of sale is less than 66-2/3 percent of the original principal amount secured by the mortgage |
| 3 | The mortgage was executed prior to July 1, 1987, and the premises, as of execution, exceeded ten acres |
| 4 | The mortgage was executed prior to August 1, 1994, and the premises, as of execution, exceeded ten but did not exceed 40 acres and were in agricultural use as defined in § 40A.02, subd. 3 |
| 5 | The premises, as of execution, exceeded 40 acres |
| 6 | The mortgage was executed on or after August 1, 1994, and the premises, as of execution, exceeded ten but not 40 acres and were “in agricultural use” — meaning at least a portion was classified for ad valorem tax purposes as class 2a, class 2b, or class 1b under § 273.13, or as exempt wetlands under § 272.02, subd. 11 |
| 7 | The mortgage qualifies as a reverse mortgage as defined in § 47.58 |
Trigger 2 is the sleeper. It has nothing to do with acreage or agriculture. A borrower who has paid the loan down past the one-third mark before default gets twelve months instead of six on an ordinary house — and, as the next section explains, that difference is not only about time.
Two of these can be defeated, and the mechanism is documentary. Under subdivision 3, an affidavit signed by the mortgagor and a certificate signed by the county assessor stating the premises are not in agricultural use may be recorded and is “prima facie evidence of the facts contained in the affidavit and certificate.” And under subdivision 4, a mortgagor may waive in writing, before or at the time of granting a mortgage executed on or after August 1, 1994, the twelve-month period available under clause (6). The waiver has formal requirements that are easy to blow: it “must be either a document separate from the mortgage or a separately executed and acknowledged addendum to the mortgage on a separate page,” must be in recordable form with either the mortgage’s document number or the parties, legal description, and mortgage date, and — if separate — “must be recorded in the office of the county recorder or registrar of titles no later than ten days after the recording of the mortgage.”
What it costs to redeem, and the sentence that closes the list
The redemption amount is the sale price plus interest, plus what the certificate holder may add under § 582.03. That section enumerates: taxes or assessments on which a penalty would otherwise accrue; hazard insurance for the holder’s interest during the holding period; costs of a § 582.032 redemption-reduction order including costs and disbursements awarded under § 582.032, subd. 9; recording and sheriff’s fees for certificates of sale, redemption, and notices of intention to redeem; “any reasonable fees paid to licensed real estate brokers for broker price opinions or to licensed appraisers for appraisals”; deed tax; “reasonable attorney fees incurred after the foreclosure sale not to exceed one-half of the amount authorized by section 582.01”; costs under § 582.031; and interest or principal installments on a prior or superior encumbrance in default.
Then the sentence that decides most redemption-amount disputes:
No other costs, fees, interest, or other amount may be added to the amount necessary to redeem.
And overreaching is trebled. Section 582.03, subd. 3: within one year after the expiration of the mortgagor’s redemption period, the redeeming party may recover from the certificate holder “three times the amount of any sums declared as costs or disbursements on the affidavit of allowable costs but not actually paid by the holder, or three times the amount of any sums determined to exceed a reasonable cost for the declared item where the excess has been retained by the lender,” unless the disputed amounts are paid before judgment.
Section 582.03, subd. 2 also supplies leverage. The holder must file an itemized affidavit of allowable costs with the sheriff before the redemption period expires and must respond to a sheriff’s written request within seven days. If the holder does not respond, “the sheriff may calculate a redemption amount pursuant to section 580.23, subdivision 1, and issue a certificate of redemption for that amount,” and “[t]he amount calculated by the sheriff, absent malfeasance by the sheriff, binds the holder of the sheriff’s certificate even if the amount calculated by the sheriff is less than the actual amount due.”
On the attorney-fee component, § 582.01, subd. 1 caps contractual foreclosure fees by mortgage date and original principal amount — for mortgages executed after May 31, 1971, $150 up to $5,000, $225 from $5,000 to $10,000, and $275 plus $35 for each additional $5,000 or major fraction above $10,000 — “and any provision for fees in excess thereof shall be void to the extent of the excess.” Subdivision 1a sets a $500 minimum for advertisement foreclosures of mortgages executed after July 31, 1992. And subdivision 3 waives the fee entirely on redemption if, at commencement of the foreclosure, “all of the items constituting said default were less than 30 days past due” (mortgages executed after May 31, 1971). Fee entitlements in Minnesota are almost always statutory rather than assumed — we mapped the broader landscape here.
Creditor redemption is a ladder, and it runs on 14-day rungs
If the mortgagor does not redeem, junior lienholders can. Section 580.24(a): “the most senior creditor having a legal or equitable lien upon the mortgaged premises, or some part of it, subsequent to the foreclosed mortgage, may redeem within 14 days after the expiration of the redemption period determined under section 580.23 or 582.032, whichever is applicable; and each subsequent creditor having a lien may redeem, in the order of priority of their respective liens, within 14 days after the time allowed the prior lienholder.”
But the ticket has to be bought a week early. No creditor may redeem unless, “one week or more prior to the expiration of the period allowed for redemption by the mortgagor,” it records a notice of intention to redeem, records all documents necessary to create and evidence its lien “including a copy of any money judgment necessary to create the lien,” and then delivers copies of those documents to the sheriff with the office, date, and time of filing stated on the first page of each.
Weekend and holiday counting is written into the statute and is not the ordinary rule. Subdivision 24(b): “Saturdays, Sundays, legal holidays, and the first day following the expiration of the prior redemption period must be included in computing the 14-day redemption period. When the last day of the period falls on Saturday, Sunday, or a legal holiday, that day must be omitted from the computation.” Priority among judgment creditors runs “by the order in which their judgments were entered as memorials on the certificate of title… or docketed in the office of the district court administrator,” and “[a]ll mechanic’s lienholders who have coordinate liens shall have one combined 14-day period to redeem.”
And redemption by a creditor is not a payoff — it is an assignment. Section 580.27: redemption by the owner “annuls the sale,” but redemption by a lienholder means the recorded certificate of redemption “operates as an assignment to the creditor of the right acquired under such sale, subject to such right of any other person to redeem as provided by law.”
The two five-week paths, and who chooses them
Abandonment (§ 582.032). For mortgages executed after December 31, 1989, on premises that are ten acres or less, improved with a residential dwelling of fewer than five units that is neither a model home nor under construction, and not used in agricultural production, the foreclosing party, the certificate holder, or the political subdivision may obtain a court order reducing the mortgagor’s redemption period to five weeks on proof of abandonment. Section 582.032, subd. 7 supplies a list of facts — boarded or broken windows, doors smashed through or continuously unlocked, terminated utilities, accumulated rubbish, at least two police reports of trespassers or vandalism, or deterioration below minimum community standards — which, in an affidavit by a sheriff or municipal official stating the premises are not actually occupied, are “prima facie evidence of abandonment.” A defendant’s failure to appear after proper service “is conclusive evidence of abandonment by the defendant, subject to vacation under Rule 60.02.”
The borrower’s own election (§ 580.07, subd. 2). This one is chosen by the homeowner, and it is a genuine trade. If the property is classified as homestead under § 273.124 and contains one to four dwelling units, the mortgagor or owner may postpone the sale to five months after the originally scheduled date (if the original redemption period was six months) or eleven months (if it was twelve), by executing a sworn affidavit in the statutory form, recording it in each county where the mortgage was recorded, and filing a copy with the sheriff and the foreclosing attorney — all “at least 15 days prior to the scheduled sale date.”
The price: “Recording of the affidavit and postponement of the foreclosure sale pursuant to this subdivision shall automatically reduce the mortgagor’s redemption period under section 580.23 to five weeks.” The right “may be exercised only once.”
In substance, the homeowner trades most of the redemption period for the same number of months living in the house before the sale. For a family that needs time to move rather than money to redeem, that is often the better deal. For a family that can actually raise the redemption amount, it is a bad one.
A 2026 amendment refined this provision — extending the election to a deceased mortgagor’s personal representatives and devisees, allowing the affidavit to be filed against a postponed sale date, providing that the foreclosure is not invalidated if the foreclosing party postpones in response to a defective or untimely affidavit absent conduct violating ch. 325N, and limiting the once-only rule to “each foreclosure proceeding commenced under this chapter or chapter 581.” It is effective the day following final enactment (signed April 21, 2026) and applies to foreclosures with a notice of pendency or lis pendens recorded on or after that date. 2026 Minn. Laws ch. 51, §§ 1–2.
The deficiency: one sentence decides it
Here is the provision the whole chapter turns on. Minn. Stat. § 582.30, subd. 2:
A deficiency judgment is not allowed if a mortgage is foreclosed by advertisement under chapter 580, and has a redemption period of six months under section 580.23, subdivision 1, or five weeks under section 582.032.
Read that against the redemption rules and the structure appears:
| Route taken | Redemption period | Deficiency judgment |
|---|---|---|
| Advertisement, ordinary residential mortgage | Six months (§ 580.23, subd. 1) | Barred by § 582.30, subd. 2 |
| Advertisement, abandoned residential property | Five weeks (§ 582.032) | Barred by § 582.30, subd. 2 |
| Advertisement, one of the seven triggers in § 580.23, subd. 2 | Twelve months | Not barred by subd. 2 — available subject to § 582.30, subd. 1 and, for agricultural property, subds. 3–9 |
| Foreclosure by action under ch. 581 | Set by ch. 581 | Not barred by subd. 2 — capped by § 582.30, subd. 1(b)(2) |
So the lender’s procedural choice is a substantive one. Choosing advertisement on a garden-variety residential mortgage is choosing to give up the personal judgment. Choosing foreclosure by action preserves it, at the cost of litigating.
And subdivision 1(b) caps whatever survives: except as provided in subdivisions 3 and 5, the judgment “may not be for more than the difference between the amount received from the foreclosure sale less expenses and costs and… for a foreclosure by advertisement, the total amount that attaches to the sale proceeds under chapter 580,” or, for a foreclosure by action, “the amount of the judgment entered under chapter 581.”
The agricultural regime is the one place where how the sale was run is an express element
For a mortgage on property used in agricultural production, § 582.30, subds. 3 and 5 impose a different structure entirely. A deficiency “may only be obtained by filing an action for a deficiency judgment and a determination of the fair market value of the property within 90 days after the foreclosure sale.” All issues of fact, “including determination of the fair market value of the property, shall be tried by a jury unless a jury trial is waived.” And:
A court may allow a deficiency judgment only if it determines that the sale of the property was conducted in a commercially reasonable manner.
The judgment is then limited to the difference between fair market value and the unpaid mortgage amount (or the ch. 581 judgment), and — importantly — “[t]he property may not be presumed to be sold for its fair market value.”
That is a deliberate borrowing of a personal-property idea into real estate, and it is confined to agricultural land. Outside the agricultural provisions, chapter 580 does not measure a residential foreclosure sale against a commercial-reasonableness standard the way Article 9 measures the disposition of collateral. Minnesota’s answer for houses is structural rather than qualitative: it takes the deficiency off the table by operation of § 582.30, subd. 2, instead of asking a court whether the lender sold well.
Related limits worth knowing: a personal judgment on an agricultural mortgage note cannot be executed unless fair market value was determined in that proceeding (subds. 4 and 6); such a judgment “may not be executed after three years from the date judgment was entered” (subd. 7); and it “does not attach to real or personal property that is acquired by the mortgagor or debtor after the judgment is entered” (subd. 9). Section 582.31 adds a one-action rule for pre-March 23, 1986 agricultural mortgages: proceeding on the note bars foreclosure-plus-deficiency, and vice versa.
One reading that is genuinely open
Section 582.30, subd. 2 bars a deficiency where the redemption period is “six months under section 580.23, subdivision 1, or five weeks under section 582.032.” A homeowner who elects the postponement under § 580.07, subd. 2 ends up with a five-week period — but that reduction operates on “the mortgagor’s redemption period under section 580.23,” not under § 582.032. Whether subdivision 2’s bar reaches a § 580.07-shortened period is not answered on the face of the statute, and the answer matters a great deal to a homeowner deciding whether to file the affidavit. This article does not resolve it. Anyone considering that election should have the question analyzed against the specific loan before recording anything.
Reinstatement before the sale
Separate from redemption, § 580.30 lets the mortgagor, the owner, “or any holder of any subsequent encumbrance or lien, or any one for them” stop the foreclosure at any time before the sale by paying the actual default existing at commencement, plus insurance, delinquent taxes, interest to date of payment, publication and service costs, “attorney’s fees not exceeding $150 or one-half of the attorney’s fees authorized by section 582.01, whichever is greater,” any § 582.032 order costs, and other lawful disbursements. On payment “the mortgage shall be fully reinstated and further proceedings in such foreclosure shall be thereupon abandoned.”
Two timing rules inside § 580.30, subd. 1 are worth quoting because they cut both ways. The holder “shall inform the mortgagor of the amount necessary to reinstate the mortgage within three days of receipt of a request.” But the holder “has no obligation to delay or postpone a foreclosure sale upon receipt of a request for a reinstatement amount when that request was made less than three days prior to the sale.” And the quoted figure “is effective for a period of seven days after the holder of the mortgage provides it to the mortgagor or until the foreclosure sale, whichever occurs first.”
Attacking a completed sale
The sheriff’s certificate carries a presumption. Section 580.19: every certificate of sale under a power of sale “shall be prima facie evidence that all the requirements of law in that behalf have been complied with, and prima facie evidence of title in fee thereunder in the purchaser… after the time for redemption therefrom has expired.”
Two outer limits follow, and they are different lengths for different defects:
- Five years — notice and procedure defects. Section 580.20: no sale is invalid or set aside “by reason of any defect in the notice thereof, or in the publication or service of such notice, or in the proceedings of the officer making the sale,” unless the challenge is brought “with reasonable diligence, and not later than five years after the date of such sale.” Note the conjunctive: reasonable diligence and five years.
- Fifteen years — everything else. Section 580.21: no sale is invalid or set aside unless the challenge is made “within 15 years after the date of such sale.” That section “shall not affect or prejudice the rights of any bona fide purchaser.”
Both extend for persons under the disabilities § 580.20 lists.
What to do
If you are a homeowner facing foreclosure:
- Find out which redemption period applies before you plan anything. Six months and twelve months are different cases. Check § 580.23, subd. 2 against your own facts — particularly trigger 2, whether the amount claimed due is less than 66-2/3 percent of the original principal.
- Check the published notice against § 580.04. Wrong assignee chain, wrong amount, wrong redemption period stated, missing street address, missing vacate date on an owner-occupied single-family home — these are checkable in an afternoon.
- Ask for the reinstatement figure in writing early, not three days before the sale. Section 580.30 gives the holder three days to answer and makes the quote good for seven.
- Do not sign the § 580.07 postponement affidavit without understanding what you are trading. Five extra months in the house in exchange for a five-week redemption period is a good trade for some households and a very bad one for others.
- If you have a surplus, ask the sheriff in writing to apply it to redemption. Section 580.10, subd. 3 gives the owner of record that right during the redemption period, and the right does not transfer.
- Demand the affidavit of allowable costs. Section 582.03 closes the list of what may be added, and subdivision 3 trebles overcharges.
If you are a junior lienholder:
- Record a request for notice under § 580.032, subd. 1 on any property you have a lien against. It is cheap and it is the only way you reliably learn a senior foreclosure has started.
- Calendar “one week or more prior to expiration,” not the 14-day window. The notice of intention to redeem, the lien documents, and the delivery to the sheriff must all be complete before that earlier date.
- Count the 14 days the way § 580.24(b) says to, including weekends and holidays inside the period and omitting a weekend or holiday only if it falls on the last day.
If you are a lender or servicer:
- Decide the deficiency question first. If the shortfall matters and the redemption period is six months, foreclosure by advertisement forfeits it.
- Fix the assignment chain before publishing. Section 580.02(3) is a prerequisite, not a formality.
- Record the notice of pendency inside the window — before first publication, and not more than six months before it.
- Record the sheriff’s certificate on time — ten days for a five-week period, twenty for anything else.
The observation
Chapter 580 reads like a procedure statute. It is really an allocation statute.
Minnesota gave lenders an extraordinarily efficient remedy — sell the house without suing anybody — and then set a price for using it. The price is the redemption period, which is real time in which the borrower keeps possession and a right to buy the property back, and the price is the deficiency, which § 582.30, subd. 2 removes in the ordinary residential case.
That is why the redemption period is not a detail in these cases. It is the case. It determines how long the borrower stays, how much has to be raised and by when, whether junior creditors get a turn, and whether the borrower walks away from the closing owing nothing or owing the difference. A foreclosure file that has not been read for which period applies has not been read.
Madgett Law, LLC advises Minnesota homeowners, junior lienholders, and property owners on mortgage foreclosure by advertisement — redemption periods and redemption amounts, defects in notice and procedure, reinstatement, surplus claims, and deficiency exposure after the sale. Redemption periods cannot be extended once they run, so the useful conversation is early. Send us a message or call 612-470-6529.
Sources: Minn. Stat. § 580.01 (power of sale required); § 580.02 (five requisites for foreclosure by advertisement); § 580.03 (six weeks’ published notice; service four weeks before sale on a person in possession); § 580.032, subds. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 (recorded request for notice; notice of pendency recorded before first publication but not more than six months before; 14-day mailed notice; failure to mail does not invalidate; damages action and its two-year limit); § 580.033 (where notice is published; adjoining-county circulation affidavit); § 580.04 (requisites of notice; vacate date for owner-occupied single-family dwellings); § 580.06 (sale by sheriff at public venue, 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.); § 580.07, subds. 1, 2, 3 (postponement by mortgagee; mortgagor’s five-month/11-month postponement in exchange for a five-week redemption period; affidavit form); § 580.08 (separate tracts); § 580.10, subds. 1–5 (surplus; owner’s right to apply surplus to the redemption amount); § 580.11 (mortgagee may purchase); § 580.12 (certificate of sale contents; ten-day and 20-day recording deadlines; conveyance on expiration); § 580.19 (certificate as prima facie evidence); § 580.20 (five-year limit on challenges for notice, publication, service, or officer-procedure defects); § 580.21 (15-year limit; bona fide purchasers); § 580.23, subds. 1–4 (six-month redemption; the seven 12-month triggers; affidavit of nonagricultural use; written waiver of the clause (6) period and its ten-day recording requirement); § 580.24 (creditor redemption; 14-day periods; the one-week-prior recording and delivery conditions; computation of weekends and holidays; combined period for coordinate mechanic’s lienholders); § 580.25 (how creditor redemption is made); § 580.27 (effect of redemption; assignment to a redeeming creditor); § 580.30, subd. 1 (reinstatement before sale; three-day response; seven-day validity of the quoted amount); § 582.01, subds. 1, 1a, 3 (caps on contractual foreclosure attorney fees and voiding of excess; $500 minimum for post-July 31, 1992 mortgages; no fee on redemption where the default was less than 30 days old at commencement); § 582.03, subds. 1–3 (allowable costs collectible on redemption; “No other costs, fees, interest, or other amount may be added to the amount necessary to redeem”; affidavit of allowable costs and the sheriff’s calculation; treble recovery for excessive costs within one year); § 582.032, subds. 1–9 (five-week redemption period for certain abandoned properties; prima facie evidence of abandonment); § 582.30, subds. 1–9 (deficiency judgments; the bar where the redemption period is six months under § 580.23, subd. 1 or five weeks under § 582.032; the agricultural regime’s 90-day action, jury trial, fair-market-value limit, and commercial-reasonableness condition; three-year execution limit; no attachment to after-acquired property); § 582.31 (one action allowed to enforce a pre-March 23, 1986 agricultural mortgage); and 2026 Minn. Laws ch. 51, §§ 1–2 (amendments to § 580.07, subds. 2 and 3, effective the day following final enactment and applicable to foreclosures with a notice of pendency or lis pendens recorded on or after that date) (Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes). Chapter 580 was also affected by 2026 Minn. Laws ch. 88, art. 1, § 218, a cross-reference correction to § 580.07, subd. 1 (renaming “the notice under section 580.03” to “the notice of sale”), without substantive change. Section 219, amending § 580.07, subd. 2, makes the same terminology correction but also adds a substantive cross-reference, extending the no-republication/no-reservice exception to postponed sales “under section 580.03 or sections 550.18 and 550.19, as applicable” — i.e., to certain execution sales under chapter 550, not only mortgage foreclosures under chapter 580. Whether a particular mortgage carries a six-month or twelve-month redemption period, and whether property is “used in agricultural production” for purposes of § 582.30, are fact-specific determinations this article does not make. The interaction between § 580.07, subd. 2 and § 582.30, subd. 2 is identified in the text as an open question and is not resolved here. This article is general legal information about Minnesota law, not legal advice, and reading it does not create an attorney–client relationship. No outcome is promised or implied.